Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear)
Otitis externa is an inflammation or infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by water remaining in the ear after swimming. It typically causes pain and itching and is most common in children and young adults.
Overview
Otitis externa is an inflammation or infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by water remaining in the ear after swimming. It typically causes pain and itching and is most common in children and young adults.
Symptoms
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Causes
- •Bacterial infection (e.g., Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus)
- •Fungal infection
- •Excessive moisture (swimming)
- •Irritation from q-tips or earplugs
Risk factors
- •Frequent swimming or water exposure
- •Narrow ear canals
- •Skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis
- •Use of hearing aids or earbud headphones
How it progresses
3 stages- OnsetSymptoms appear, often triggered by a known cause.Often missed
- Active phaseSymptoms peak; self-care or short treatment usually helps.
- ResolutionSymptoms ease over days to weeks with proper care.
How it's diagnosed
- •Physical examination with an otoscope
- •Review of medical history
- •Ear canal swab for culture (recurrent cases)
Treatment options
General educational information only — no dosage advice. Always follow guidance from a qualified clinician.
- •Antibiotic ear drops
- •Corticosteroid drops to reduce swelling
- •Antifungal drops if a fungus is present
- •Over-the-counter pain relievers
- •Keeping the ear dry during healing
- •Using a hair dryer on low to dry the ear
- •Warm compress for pain relief
- •Avoiding swimming or earplugs temporarily
Complications
- •Reduced quality of life
- •Worsening symptoms over time
- •Recurrence of otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
Prevention
- •Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- •See a clinician for routine check-ups
When to seek help
- •Symptoms persist beyond a few days
- •Symptoms interfere with daily activities
- •New or worsening symptoms appear
- •Concerning changes related to otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
- Severe facial pain or headache
- High fever
- Swelling of the outer ear or lymph nodes
- Dizziness or hearing loss
- Symptoms spreading to the face or neck
In any emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department.
Real-world questions
- ›Can Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) cause headaches?
- ›Is Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) reversible?
- ›How quickly does Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) progress?
- ›Is Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) hereditary?
- ›Can Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) be prevented?
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Frequently asked questions
Possible causes of Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) include Bacterial infection (e.g., Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus), Fungal infection, Excessive moisture (swimming), Irritation from q-tips or earplugs.
Otitis externa (Swimmer's Ear) is generally mild, but severity can vary. Seek care if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Duration varies between individuals. Many cases improve with appropriate care, while others may persist longer and require ongoing management.
Some milder cases may improve with rest and self-care. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
Consider seeing a clinician if symptoms are severe, persistent, worsening, or if you have any concerns related to general.
Sources
Information based on general medical references such as:
Last reviewed: May 2026