Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis, often called mono or the kissing disease, is a viral infection that causes fatigue, fever, and a sore throat. It is most common among teenagers and young adults and typically resolves with rest and hydration.
Overview
Infectious mononucleosis, often called mono or the kissing disease, is a viral infection that causes fatigue, fever, and a sore throat. It is most common among teenagers and young adults and typically resolves with rest and hydration.
Symptoms
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Causes
- •Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- •Saliva contact (sharing drinks, kissing)
- •Blood or semen contact (rarely)
Risk factors
- •Being between the ages of 15 and 24
- •Being a student or living in dormitories
- •Working in healthcare or childcare settings
- •Weakened immune system
How it progresses
3 stages- OnsetSymptoms appear, often triggered by a known cause.Often missed
- Active phaseSymptoms peak; self-care or short treatment usually helps.
- ResolutionSymptoms ease over days to weeks with proper care.
How it's diagnosed
- •Physical examination of lymph nodes and spleen
- •Monospot blood test
- •Complete blood count (CBC) to check for abnormal white cells
Treatment options
General educational information only — no dosage advice. Always follow guidance from a qualified clinician.
- •Pain and fever management medications
- •Treatment of secondary infections if they occur
- •Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated
- •Taking over-the-counter pain relievers (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
- •Gargling with saltwater for throat pain
- •Resting and avoiding physical activity
- •Rest and limiting physical activity
- •Hydration and fluid management
Complications
- •Reduced quality of life
- •Worsening symptoms over time
- •Recurrence of infectious mononucleosis
Prevention
- •Wash hands frequently
- •Avoid close contact with infected people
- •Stay up to date with vaccines
- •Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- •See a clinician for routine check-ups
When to seek help
- •Symptoms persist beyond a few days
- •Symptoms interfere with daily activities
- •New or worsening symptoms appear
- •Concerning changes related to infectious mononucleosis
- Sudden, sharp pain in the left upper abdomen
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Extreme weakness or dizziness
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
In any emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department.
Real-world questions
- ›Can Infectious Mononucleosis cause headaches?
- ›Is Infectious Mononucleosis reversible?
- ›How quickly does Infectious Mononucleosis progress?
- ›Is Infectious Mononucleosis hereditary?
- ›Can Infectious Mononucleosis be prevented?
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Frequently asked questions
Possible causes of Infectious Mononucleosis include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Saliva contact (sharing drinks, kissing), Blood or semen contact (rarely).
Infectious Mononucleosis is generally moderate, but severity can vary. Seek care if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Duration varies between individuals. Many cases improve with appropriate care, while others may persist longer and require ongoing management.
Some milder cases may improve with rest and self-care. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
Consider seeing a clinician if symptoms are severe, persistent, worsening, or if you have any concerns related to general.
Sources
Information based on general medical references such as:
Last reviewed: May 2026