Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria that can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat. If left untreated, it can cause serious long-term health problems including infertility.
Overview
Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria that can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat. If left untreated, it can cause serious long-term health problems including infertility.
Symptoms
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Causes
- •Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria
- •Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex
- •Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth
Risk factors
- •Being sexually active under age 25
- •Having multiple sexual partners
- •Previous history of STIs
- •Inconsistent condom use
How it progresses
3 stages- OnsetSymptoms appear, often triggered by a known cause.Often missed
- Active phaseSymptoms peak; self-care or short treatment usually helps.
- ResolutionSymptoms ease over days to weeks with proper care.
How it's diagnosed
- •Urine test
- •Swab of the affected area (urethra, cervix, throat, or rectum)
- •Physical examination
Treatment options
General educational information only — no dosage advice. Always follow guidance from a qualified clinician.
- •Prescription antibiotic injections (ceftriaxone)
- •Oral antibiotics if co-infected with chlamydia
- •Follow-up testing to ensure the infection is cleared
- •Inform all recent sexual partners for testing
- •Abstain from sexual activity until treatment is complete
- •Complete the entire course of prescribed antibiotics
- •Take over-the-counter pain relief if needed
Complications
- •Reduced quality of life
- •Worsening symptoms over time
- •Recurrence of gonorrhea
Prevention
- •Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- •See a clinician for routine check-ups
When to seek help
- •Symptoms persist beyond a few days
- •Symptoms interfere with daily activities
- •New or worsening symptoms appear
- •Concerning changes related to gonorrhea
- Severe pelvic or abdominal pain
- High fever and chills
- Painful, swollen joints (disseminated infection)
- Severe eye pain or discharge
In any emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department.
Real-world questions
- ›Can Gonorrhea cause headaches?
- ›Is Gonorrhea reversible?
- ›How quickly does Gonorrhea progress?
- ›Is Gonorrhea hereditary?
- ›Can Gonorrhea be prevented?
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Frequently asked questions
Possible causes of Gonorrhea include Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex, Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth.
Gonorrhea is generally moderate, but severity can vary. Seek care if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Duration varies between individuals. Many cases improve with appropriate care, while others may persist longer and require ongoing management.
Some milder cases may improve with rest and self-care. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
Consider seeing a clinician if symptoms are severe, persistent, worsening, or if you have any concerns related to general.
Sources
Information based on general medical references such as:
Last reviewed: May 2026