Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time, and then resolve, often over a period of one to three years.
Overview
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time, and then resolve, often over a period of one to three years.
Symptoms
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Causes
- •Thickening of the shoulder joint capsule
- •Inflammation of synovial tissues
- •Prolonged immobilization following surgery or injury
Risk factors
- •Age between 40 and 60 years old
- •Diabetes mellitus
- •Thyroid disorders (hypo or hyperthyroidism)
- •Recent surgery or arm fracture requiring a sling
How it progresses
3 stages- OnsetSymptoms appear, often triggered by a known cause.Often missed
- Active phaseSymptoms peak; self-care or short treatment usually helps.
- ResolutionSymptoms ease over days to weeks with proper care.
How it's diagnosed
- •Physical examination of range of motion
- •Medical history review
- •X-ray to rule out arthritis
- •MRI to view soft tissue inflammation
Treatment options
General educational information only — no dosage advice. Always follow guidance from a qualified clinician.
- •Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation
- •Joint distension (hydrodilatation)
- •Shoulder manipulation under anesthesia
- •Gentle pendulum exercises
- •Heat or cold packs for pain relief sleep
- •Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication
- •Modifying activities to avoid overhead reaching
- •Physical therapy for stretching and mobility
Complications
- •Reduced quality of life
- •Worsening symptoms over time
- •Recurrence of frozen shoulder
Prevention
- •Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- •See a clinician for routine check-ups
When to seek help
- •Symptoms persist beyond a few days
- •Symptoms interfere with daily activities
- •New or worsening symptoms appear
- •Concerning changes related to frozen shoulder
- Total inability to move the arm
- Severe pain that prevents sleep for multiple nights
- Redness and warmth over the joint suggesting infection
In any emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department.
Real-world questions
- ›Can Frozen shoulder cause headaches?
- ›Is Frozen shoulder reversible?
- ›How quickly does Frozen shoulder progress?
- ›Is Frozen shoulder hereditary?
- ›Can Frozen shoulder be prevented?
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Frequently asked questions
Possible causes of Frozen shoulder include Thickening of the shoulder joint capsule, Inflammation of synovial tissues, Prolonged immobilization following surgery or injury.
Frozen shoulder is generally moderate, but severity can vary. Seek care if symptoms are severe or persistent.
Duration varies between individuals. Many cases improve with appropriate care, while others may persist longer and require ongoing management.
Some milder cases may improve with rest and self-care. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
Consider seeing a clinician if symptoms are severe, persistent, worsening, or if you have any concerns related to general.
Sources
Information based on general medical references such as:
Last reviewed: May 2026